Continuous Shuffler

A continuous shuffling machine, usually shortened to CSM, takes discarded cards back into the device after every round and returns them to the pool, so the cards in play are effectively never depleted. There is no shoe to work through and no cut card, which means the mix of remaining cards stays close to a full, freshly shuffled set at all times. Two consequences follow. Card counting has nothing to track, because the ratio of high to low cards never drifts far from its starting point. And with no pause to reshuffle, hands are dealt noticeably faster. The house edge per hand is broadly unchanged, but a higher hand rate means more total wagering per hour and therefore a larger expected loss for the same time at the table.